Tichenor Middle School in Erlanger got a late start on their pollinator garden, but the students put forth a spectacular effort. The garden will be fabulous this spring!
Steven McNabb, a teacher at Tichenor, is the adult sponsored for the project. WildOnes Cincinnati are providing educational support for the next two years to help ensure the garden’s success. The school received a $500 grant from Kentucky Native Plant Society, and Ironweed Native Plant Nursery in Waddy supplied the native plants.
The school is hoping to plant even more plants this spring if they can secure more funding.
We need everyone interested in plant conservation to rally together for the passage of the Recovering America’s Wildlife Act. With historic levels of funding and support from both sides of the aisle, this bipartisan bill is critical to protecting our nation’s plant life. This rally will feature leaders in plant conservation and give you an opportunity to take action to encourage your Members of Congress to vote YES on this historic bill. Bring your passion and excitement, because we need YOU to push Recovering America’s Wildlife Act over the finish line!
Special guest speakers from Atlanta and California Botanical Gardens, SE Plant Conservation Alliance, Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, NatureServe, Center for Plant Conservation, Garden Club of America, Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves, & National Wildlife Federation will share the latest information and why we need your help!
The rally will occur November 13th, 2023 from 2-3pm EST. This is a virtual rally hosted on Zoom. Be sure to register here: Meeting Registration – Zoom
When: Saturday, Oct. 28, 10:00 a.m. – 4:15 p.m. CDT Where: John James Audubon SP, Henderson, KY
Mark your calendars and plan to meet up with other KNPS members and friends as we head to western Kentucky for the Society’s 2023 Fall Meeting, on Oct 28th, at John James Audubon State Park, in Henderson. We will learn about and explore the old growth forests and wetland plant and animal communities in and around John James Audubon State Park and the nearby Sloughs Wildlife Management Area.
Audubon State Park was the home of the famed naturalist, ornithologist, and painter and the park museum features the largest collection of original Audubon art in the world in addition to personal artifacts about his life. The surrounding forest along the bluffs of the Ohio River is mature, almost old growth in nature with some trees more than 200 years old. Approximately half of the property has been dedicated as a State Nature Preserve. At least 61 species of trees and more than 200 wildflowers have been documented from the site. The north facing, mesic forests are dominated by American Beech, sugar maple, and American basswood whereas the more south facing slopes are dominated by sugar maple, various oaks, and tulip tree. At least 169 bird species have been observed in the park.
The 650-acre Audubon Wetlands was added to the park by the Kentucky Heritage Land Conservation Fund in 2016. The highlight is a bald eagle nest and heron rookery, as well as habitat for waterfowl and amphibians. The Friends of Audubon, a local nonprofit, has installed a wheelchair accessible boardwalk through the wetlands with plans to install more.
Sloughs WMA consists of a diverse mix of seasonally flooded grain crops and natural “moist soil” vegetation, natural marsh, seasonally flooded bottomland forest, and natural depressions or “sloughs,” that contain flooded stands of bald cypress lined with buttonbush thickets.
Schedule of Events
Morning Session, 10 a.m. – 12 noon CDT
We will meet in the Audubon Theater which is located in the John James Audubon Museum and Nature Center. The session will begin with an update from KNPS leadership on the Society’s activities in 2023 and plans for 2024. After the update, we will have two talks about the flora and fauna of the JJA wetlands and old growth forest.
10 a.m. – 11 a.m. – Welcome and KNPS Updates
11:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m. – Lea’s Bog Lichen – Kendall McDonald Lea’s Bog lichen is a unique bottomland lichen that utilizes habitats often considered less than suitable for lichen colonization; the bark of trees along major rivers, oxbow lakes, and backwater sloughs that are frequently inundated by surges of river floodwaters. In 2017, a new population of the lichen was found at the JJA wetlands, making the state park an important conservation site for this species. Kendall McDonald, Botanist and Lichenologist at Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves, will give a presentation on the rare Lea’s Bog lichen and the unique natural communities on which it relies.
11:30 a.m. – 12:00 noon – Pollinators and Forests – Katie Cody Our native pollinators are vital to the success of our native plants. With pollinators on the decline worldwide, it is more important than ever to understand their life history traits and how they interact with the landscape. Although we typically think of pollinators in open grasslands and prairies, recent research is shedding light on how the forest can be a valuable part of their life cycle as well. Katie Cody, Invertebrate Biologist at Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves, will give an overview of how pollinators are utilizing the forest and some common forest associates you can find in Kentucky.
Lunch, 12 noon – 1:00 p.m. CDT
12:00 noon – 1:00 p.m. – Lunch is on your own. There is no food available in the Park, though there are several restaurants outside the park boundaries. We have reserved a picnic shelter in the park for lunch so we hope that folks will bring their lunch and join the group at the shelter for a picnic lunch and fellowship with their fellow native plant enthusiasts. The shelter that we have reserved is the Sycamore Shelter, located at 37.880556, -87.556993, within walking distance of the main state park building. The picnic shelter area provides parking, covered and non-covered picnic tables, and a playground.
Walks, 1:00 p.m. – 4:15 p.m. CDT
After lunch we will have 3 walks to explore the native plants and plant communities in and around the Park. The first listed walk is at Sloughs WMA, which is about a 25 minute drive from John James Audubon. Because of the travel time, participants should plan on participating in just the Sloughs walk or the two walks at JJA.
Sloughs WMA – Park and Pop-in Botanical Tour – 1.5 hrs – Less than 0.25 miles (easy) 1 p.m. – 3 p.m. CDT
Join Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves botanist Vanessa Voelker on a roadside botanical tour of the wetland communities and flora of Sloughs Wildlife Management Area.
Sloughs WMA consists of a diverse mix of marsh, seasonally flooded bottomland forest, and natural depressions or “sloughs,” that contain flooded stands of bald cypress lined with buttonbush thickets. The hike will consist of “park and pop-ins” to enjoy the charming fall wetland flora. While this hike has minimal walking within the wetlands, we are advising participants to bring footwear appropriate for potential muddy and wet conditions.
Parking at Sloughs WMA is limited, so participants are encouraged to carpool the short distance from the state park to the WMA.
JJA Wetlands – Birding and Botany on the Boardwalk – 1.5 hrs – 1.5 miles (easy, ADA accessible) 1:00 p.m. – 2:30 p.m.
Get into birding and botany with Nour Salam, Frankfort Audubon Society President, at the John James Audubon State Park wetlands. A rocked pathway from the parking lot leads through floodplain forest to a 750-ft. boardwalk over the cypress swamp, immersing visitors into prime habitat for spotting a variety of wetland flora and fauna. Continue from the boardwalk into more forested area along the earthen path of Island Loop Trail. Flat, easy terrain of this 1.5-mile round-trip wetland walk is ADA accessible. Participants are advised to bring their own binoculars to aid in viewing wetland flora and the charismatic late fall migrant and winter resident birds of the wetland.
JJA State Park Forest – Old Growth Coastal Plain Loess Bluff Forest – 1.5 hrs – approx. 1 mile (easy-moderate) 2:45 p.m. – 4:15 p.m.
Join JJA Park Naturalist Lisa Hoffman to learn about woody plant ID in an Old Growth Coastal Plain Loess Bluff Forest within the state park. Recorded by Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves botanists in the early 2000s, this old growth mesic forest occurs in ravines and ridges on the slopes above the Ohio River Floodplain. The soil is deep loess which supports a diverse flora and trees up to 4 foot in diameter. Participants are encouraged to wear appropriate footwear for forested hiking and potential muddy conditions.
Register for the Fall Meeting
This event is open to KNPS members and friends alike. There is no cost for the event, but in order to plan effectively, we are requesting that folks pre-register for this event. If you are likely to attend, please fill out this form. Thanks, hope to see you there!
Date of trip:Nov. 4, 2023Sorry, this field trip is now filled Start time:9:30 a.m. EDT Location: Berea Woods, Madison County, KY Difficulty of hike: Moderate, 2-4 miles depending on time, weather and participant desires. We will hike and observe plants for about 3-4 hours
Join David Taylor, US Forest Service Botanist and KNPS board member, in exploring Berea Woods on Saturday, Nov 4. This beautiful forest is changing this time of year, but there are always interesting trees and forbs to find.
The hike will see an elevation change of 600′ feet and hike from 2-4 miles depending on time, weather, and participant desires. We will cross areas of Devonian shale, Mississippian limestone and Pennsylvanian sandstone/conglomerate. Forest types will include mesic oak, mixed mesophytic, and xeric oak-pine. We will look at herbaceous and woody plants. There will be a couple of nice overlooks if one is inclined to take landscape photography.
The hike overall is moderate, with a long easy stretch and a couple of shorter harder stretches.
This field trip may be cancelled in the event of inclement weather.
Registration is Required
Please fill out the form below to register for this field trip. This trip will be limited to 12 participants.
Blue mistflower is a late summer to frost flowering species frequently encountered in Kentucky. It is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) and belongs to what is known as the tribe Eupatorieae. This tribe includes some well-known genera including Eupatorium (thoroughworts), Eutrochium (Joe pye-weeds), Ageratina (snakeroots) and Ageratum (the cultivated ageratums).
A name change
Blue mistflower was described and named by Linnaeus in 1753 as Eupatorium coelestinum. Swiss botanist A.P. de Candolle determined it was worthy of its own genus and named the plant Conoclinium coelestinum in 1836. The name was not widely accepted and Eupatorium coelestinum was used well into the 1900s by various botanists. That name can be found in floras and manuals such as Gleason (1952, p. 493), Correll and Correll (1970, pp. 1555–1556), Fernald (1970, p. 1370), and Gandhi and Thomas (1989, p. 78).More recent research, including genetic analysis, supports the separate genus Conoclinium. More recent manuals and floras (e.g., Wunderlin 1982, p. 370; Jones 2005, p. 225; Patterson and Nesom 2006, p. 480; Weakley et al. 2023, p. 1635) use that name.
Four species are found in the eastern, central and southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. Blue mistflower, is the only species in Kentucky. Another similar species, Pink thoroughwort (Fleischmannia incarnata) is also in Kentucky and the two species are sometimes confused (see below).
The genus name is derived from the Greek words κῶνος (kônos), meaning cone, and κλινίον (kliníon), meaning little bed. The words refer to the shape of the receptacle, the small pad of tissue on which the flowers and fruits are borne in each tiny head of flowers. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin caelistis (also spelled coelestis) meaning celestial or heavenly, in reference to the often-sky-blue color of the flowers.
Culture and botany
Blue mistflower leaf
It typically grows in moist soil, often along ditches, streambanks, moist disturbed areas, moist shady patches in forest, and less commonly, in drier sunnier locations. It will grow on basic (sweet) to somewhat acid soils. When in ideal growing conditions, plants may reach 2.5 feet (76 centimeters) tall and nearly as wide. Patches of plants can create a ground cover. Leaves are strongly wrinkled ovate to deltoid to triangular, up to 2 inches (5 centimeters) long and almost as wide near the base. They are medium green above and lighter below.
Plants are much branched, with each branch ending in a flat-topped to slightly rounded cluster of generally purplish-blue to light blue, but sometimes pinkish blue flower clusters. Within each cluster is 10–25 flower heads (also called capitula).
Blue mistflower heads
Because the plant is in the sunflower family, what may look like a single flower is actually a group (heads, or capitula) of very small flowers. Each head can contain 30–50 individual flowers. All of the flowers are tubular disk flowers. There are no ligulate (strap-shaped) flowers like the ones on a sunflower. The flowers appear fuzzy because the styles/stigmas extend 0.25” or more out of the flower.
This species is cultivated as a garden in many areas. It does especially well in partial shade where soils are moist to average in either gardens or natural settings. Large patches of the plant in flower are striking because of the intense blue to purplish color. Flowers can last for 2–3 weeks depending on temperature and rainfall. The plant will also grow in full sun and in drier soils. It tends to be short in such locations and does not flower for long. It also tends to look somewhat scrappy in these locations.
A number of commercial nurseries sell seed and plants. You may also be able to collect seed from along a road ditch somewhere. It is best to find a source close to where you intend to plant the seed or plants rather than purchasing from many states away. Blue mist flower is a perennial and if growing conditions are suitable, the plant will come back for several year before dying. Allow at least some of the seed to fall to establish replacement plants and increase the size of the patch.
Like many of the species related to Eupatorium, blue mistflower is a copious nectar producer and attracts butterflies of many species. When in more open areas, monarchs will spend a lot of time feeding on this plant, especially if near milkweeds. Small bees such as jewel bees will sometimes visit the flowers as well. Occasionally honeybees and bumble bees will take nectar from the flowers.
A related plant, pink thoroughwort, is sometimes confused with blue mistflower. This species tends to have long stems (up to 6 feet or so), but stems are lax, sprawling on other plants or the ground. Scattered branches are relatively few, short, and often in the same plane as the main stem. Leaves, 2–3.5 inches long, are triangular to deltoid with somewhat tapering tips (see photos below). Flowers look similar to blue mistflower, but are usually pink-purple or whitish with pink or lavender lobes.
Pink thoroughwort leafPink thoroughwort
Pink thoroughwort usually grows where limestone is close the surface and soils are moist, such as along creek banks, thickets, open forest, and bottomland fields. The species has a range similar to, but narrower than blue mistflower: from Missouri east to Ohio and Virginia, south to Florida, then west to Texas and Oklahoma. USDA-NRCS (2023) adds Arizona (but probably an error per Nesom 2006, p. 541). Weakley et al. (2023, p. 1666) adds northeastern Mexico. In Kentucky, the species is mostly in the Bluegrass counties between Lexington and Louisville, and in scattered in the Jackson Purchase counties, with outliers in Bell, Floyd, Pike, Pulaski and Wayne counties. The two species may grow together.
This plant also attracts butterflies, at least when in open bottomland areas. Plants in open forest situations are often close to the ground and larger butterflies do not find the flowers. Small butterflies and some bees will visit them. It does not make for a great garden plant, but does well in natural settings.
Range
The species’ range is New York State south to Florida, then west to Texas, north to Nebraska and Missouri, through Illinois to Michigan. Patterson and Nesom (2026) and USDA-NRCS (2023) add Ontario, Canada, the latter source indicating it is introduced there. BONAP (2014) shows the same states, but adds Iowa. Both BONAP (2014) and Weakley et al. (2023) indicate New York plants are likely escapees from cultivation.
USDA-NRCS (2023) shows it from 91 counties in Kentucky from far western counties to most of the eastern counties. BONAP (2014) shows approximately the same distribution in Kentucky. In all likelihood, the blue mistflower is in every Kentucky county.
Correll, D.S. and M.C. Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Contributions from Texas Research Foundation, Volume 6. Texas Research Foundation. Renner, TX. 1881 p.
Gandhi, K.N. and R.D. Thomas. 1989. Asteraceae of Louisiana. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, No. 4. Botanical Research Institute of Texas. Dallas, TX. 202 p.
Gleason, H.A. 1952b. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Volume. 3. Hafner Press. New York, NY. 594 p.
Fernald, M.L. 1970. Gray’s manual of Botany. Eighth edition, Corrected printing. Van Nostrand Company. New York, NY. 1632 p.
Jones, R.L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: An illustrated guide to the vascular flora. The University Press of Kentucky. 834 p.
Weakley, A.S. and the Southeastern Flora Committee. 2023. Flora of the Southeastern United States. Edition of 14 April 2023. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC. 2015 p. Available at https://ncbg.unc.edu/research/unc-herbarium/flora-request/. Downloaded 9 May 2023.
Wunderlin, R.P. 1982. Guide to the vascular plants of Central Florida. University Presses of Florida. Gainesville, FL. 472 p.
All Photos by author.
David Taylor, Forest Botanist for the Daniel Boone National Forest for the last 34 years, works with rare plants, invasive plants and plants in general. Most of his hiking and plant observations occur in the eastern and east-central parts of Kentucky. He encourages native plants and works to remove invasive plants on his property in central Kentucky.
We have one more pollinator garden grant to announce for 2023. Tichenor Middle School of Erlanger, KY received a $500 grant to start a pollinator garden this fall. Science teacher, Steven McNabb is the school’s sponsor and the Greater Cincinnati WildOnes chapter has agreed to be their educational partner for the next two years. Ironweed Native Plant Nursery in Waddy, Kentucky is supplying the plants.
They plan to break ground in the next few weeks, so the garden will be ready for spring.
The goal is to highlight major events in the history of Kentucky botany, including new discoveries, important publications, changes in agricultural developments, major changes or upgrades of herbaria, developments or changes for the Kentucky Native Plant Society, and the retirements or deaths of people that made major contributions to Kentucky botany. Addition to the list are welcome; please send suggestions to ron.jones@eku.edu.
Events omitted from previous lists:
Dr. Beal when he was at NC State, from NC State University Libraries
1980—Dr. Ernest O. Beal passed away in August 1980. (from his obituary): Dr. Beal was born on March 7, 1928 in Lancaster, Illinois. He received a BS from Northcentral College in Naperville, Illinois, before going on to attain his MS and PhD from the University of Iowa. He taught from 1954 to 1968 at North Carolina State University, where he received a distinguished teaching award from the Association of Southeastern Biologists in 1966. From 1965 to 1968 he served as Director of a National Science Foundation Academic Year Institute in Raleigh, North Carolina. From 1968 until his retirement in 1978, Dr. Beal was the head of the Biology Department at Western Kentucky University. Dr. Beal also led a full life outside of academia. He was an author of two books and numerous publications, a member of the First Christian Church in Bowling Green, husband, and father to three children. Most notably he was coauthor with John Thieret of Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Kentucky; Beal initiated the book and invited Thieret to join the project in 1977. After Beal’s death, Thieret completed the book with Beal as first author; it was published in 1986 by the Kentucky Nature Preserves Commission. Upon his death, the Ernest O. Beal Biology Scholarship Fund was established to honor the memory of Dr. Beal: Department Head, lover of Biology, author, and scholar. Through this fund his legacy lives on, helping other students cultivate a love for biology.
1986–KSNPC (Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission) signed a limited Cooperative Agreement on Plants with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on January 8, 1986 to work cooperatively on rare and federally listed plants in Kentucky. Since then, KSNPC (currently OKNP) has led the states rare plant program that focuses on surveying, monitoring, managing and recovering federally listed and globally rare plants in Kentucky. The Rare plant program has been managed since 1986 by three successive botanists–Marc Evans, Deborah White and Tara Littlefield. Currently (2023) this program focuses on the recovery of around a dozen federally listed species and an additional 30 globally rare plants. This program also oversees the Kentucky’s Rare Plant List, which is updated every 4 years in accordance with the Kentucky Rare Plant Recognition Act of 1994.
1992-2012-Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Salato Center began a native plant propagation program led by Mary Carol Cooper. This program focused on propagating native forbs and grasses that were important pollinator plants and was instrumental in native plant and pollinator education for Kentucky.
1994-KSNPC creates the Natural Areas Inventory Program, led by Marc Evans, which focused on surveying and inventorying the remaining remnant natural areas that have a concentration of rare species and high quality natural communities in the state. The majority of Kentucky’s state nature preserves have been discovered through this program. Several ecologists/botanists have worked on this program since its inception including Tom Bloom, Martina Hines, Brian Yahn, Deborah White, Tara Littlefield and several other KSNPC biologists.
2005-Delisting of the federally endangered Eggerts Sunflower (Helianthus eggerti). This species was removed from the Federal endangered species list due to additional populations discovered during status surveys and inventories as well protection efforts and management of several populations in Kentucky.
2007–2012—NSF Grant for Herbarium improvement at Murray State University (MUR).
Murray State University Herbarium received a five-year grant of about $167K from the National Science Foundation. The goals of the grant were to improve the existing database, to make the data accessible over the Internet, and to acquire new herbarium cabinets to enlarge and improve storage facilities of the herbarium, under the direction of Dr. Dayle Saar. The herbarium contains an important collection of Kentucky flora, especially from the less studied western region of the state. .
2007—Dave Luzader becomes webmaster of KNPS website. Dave made great improvements in the KNPS website, and it became a focal point for announcements and organizing the activities of the KNPS.
2007— Major floristic study published on Hancock Biological Station: The Vascular Flora of the Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University, Calloway County, Kentucky, in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1: 609–630, by Ralph L. Thompson.
Hancock Biological Station (HBS), a 37.5-hectare tract of upland Oak-Hickory Forest adjacent to Kentucky Lake in the Jackson Purchase of western Kentucky, is the biological field station of Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky. A total of 573 taxa have been documented from ten habitats. HBS is a member of the Organization of Biological Field Stations, a consortium of 220 biological field stations in North America. HBS was founded in 1966 and since 1972, it has served as a year-round facility for aquatic and terrestrial biology research and service programs, and it has presented students with opportunities for field classes, independent research, and faculty-directed undergraduate and graduate research.
